At the country level, 2021 emissions in China, the USA, the 27 European Union countries (EU27) and the UK, India, and Russia, also rebounded by 5.7% (597 MtCO 2), 6.5% (296 MtCO 2), 6.7% (193 MtCO 2), 9.4% (212 MtCO 2), and 6% (91 MtCO 2) from 2020 levels, respectively. However, the largest rebounds occurred in the aviation sector, including 25.8% (65 MtCO 2) and 18.1% (50 MtCO 2) increases from domestic and international aviation. For instance, 2021 emissions from power, industry and ground transport (the largest emitters) rebounded by 5.0% (657 MtCO 2), 2.6% (256 MtCO 2) and 8.9% (513 MtCO 2) from 2020 levels, respectively collectively, these sectors contribute 89% (1.4 GtCO 2) of the total global rebound. These rebounds are apparent in most sectors and big emitting nations. Despite rising case numbers and new variants, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CO 2 emissions therefore appears to be less in 2021 compared to 2020 owing to a reduction in restrictive policies. In particular, global annual emissions increased from 33.3 GtCO 2 in 2020 (with a range of 33.0–33.6 GtCO 2 including the leap day of February 29, 2020) to 34.9 GtCO 2 (with a range of 34.6–35.2 GtCO 2) in 2021, representing a 4.8% increase (3.8–5.7% range). One of the key features of 2021 global CO 2 emissions is the rebound from 2020 levels (which exhibited a reduction from 2019 associated with COVID-19-related lockdowns 1, 2 Fig.
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